Part Two Teaching Resource
Section 1
I. The summary of the text
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Main idea of
the passage |
After studying in the UK for one year, Wei Hua gives us a brief but clear description about what school life in the UK is like from her own experience. |
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Main idea of 1st paragraph |
The difference between British school hours and Chinese school hours. |
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Main idea of 2nd paragraph |
Wei Hua went to attend assembly. |
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Main idea of 3rd paragraph |
Wei Hua talked about her teachers and the class size. She also said that she had to study in different classroom with different students in Britain. |
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Main idea of 4th paragraph |
The homework and the subjects in Britain. |
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Main idea of 5th paragraph |
Wei Hua’s extracurricular life in Britain.
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Main idea of 6th paragraph |
The students in Britain must learn some subjects but they can also drop some subjects. At the same time, they can choose what they like to learn. |
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Main idea of 7th paragraph |
British food is totally different from Chinese food. |
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Main idea of 8th paragraph |
Wei Hua felt very lucky to experience a different way of life. |
II. A tree diagram of the text
very lucky to experience a different way of life
attend assembly bly
school hours
School life in the UK
enjoyable and exciting experience
teachers class and students
homework and subjects
required courses and elective courses
extracurricular life
Britain food
III. A retold version of the text
Wei Hua enjoyed one-year study life in Britain. She made many friends there. She had many teachers and each of them taught one subject. The number of students in her class was smaller than that in China. She’d got to finish homework in English which is somewhat challenging and they could choose the subjects they liked. In addition, they could have extra classes such as Woodwork. If she wanted to connect with her family, she could e-mail her parents and friends. British food is different and she missed Chinese food a lot. After lunch she usually had a break under a tree or sat on the grass. After one-year study there, she found her English improved a lot. It was an exciting and unforgettable experience for her.
Section 2: Background information
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英国中学的类型
对于非欧盟国家的学生来说，除非其双亲均居住在英国境内，他们的子女均不得就读英国政府赞助的学校。然而，英国优良的中学教育环境是举世闻名的(在英国境内被称为Public Schools)，其中包含许多超过1000年历史的中学学校。历年来，已有成千上万的海外学生至英国传统的中学接受了顶尖的教育洗礼。至今，许多的皇室及领袖均在英国的名校就读过，例如：Dulwich, Eton, Harrow及Roedean中学。在英国除了传统式的中学，还有所谓的非传统式中学(在英国称为Tutorial Schools)。传统式及非传统式的差别在于每周课堂的安排，虽被称为非传统式中学，然而这些学校亦不遗馀力地协助许多学生进入英国优良的大学学府就读。英国有另一种学校专门协助学生完成高中最后阶段及准备所谓的大学入学考试，这些学校称为: 6th Form或A Level学校。这些学校通常是政府资助或是"社区学院/高等教育学院"的一部份。这些学校在英国的教育系统下皆扮演着重要的角色。不论是传统式，非传统式或6th Form/A Level等学校都非常欢迎海外学生前来就读。
传统寄宿式中学(Public Schools)：
传统式寄宿之中学学校已在英国盛行多年。这些学校原本只是为了教育皇室的子女 而设立。随着时代的变迁，传统式的寄宿学校也开始接受商人，工业钜子及基层官员的子女。而这些学校均拥有辉煌的升学纪录，包括协助学生进入牛津及剑桥大学等高等学府。
传统式中学的特色之一是其教育理念着重学生的均衡发展，也就是说除了智育外， 学校亦注重德、体、群及美育等。每周课程的安排将学术及其他课程平均分配，使得学生五育并重。海外学生通常是寄宿在学校中，年纪稍长的学生可拥有单人房的校舍。
非传统式中学 (Tutorial Schools)：
非传统式的中学设立的时间比传统式的中学较晚。这类型的学校通常较强调学生的学术成绩，而其最终目的是要协助学生进入大学就读。非传统式的中学班级人数较少，特别是16岁以上的学生。学校会针对个别学生的需求来给予协助，且希望藉由个别指导的方式能将学生的潜力发挥到最大。因为非传统式中学较注重学术成绩，因此其校园较传统式寄宿中学小且没有运动设施。海外学生通常是住学校宿舍，但有些学校亦提供寄宿家庭的选择。 |
定语从句讲析（The attributive clause）
一、关键词
1. 定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
3. 关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, which, who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词可以1) 代替先行词；2) 引导定语从句； 3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中，the car为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句which my uncle had just bought，同时代替先行词the car在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
In 1519 another traveler who went to America from Europe discovered tomatoes.
The competitor who won the most gold medals was David Beckham.
2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
The person whom you should ask is Mr. Ball.
The athlete whom I liked most was Carl Lewis.
The boy (who／whom／that／) we saw yesterday was John's brother.
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。
Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world.
The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school.
4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.
The report that Mr. Turner handed in was about the motor race.
5.whose 通常指人，有时也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I know the person whose company produces computers.
This is the person whose story surprised everybody.
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen.
Note: whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
The time when my father worked was a hard time.
There were times when I didn’t know what to do.
2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the city where I was born.
He helped his father on the small farm where they lived.
The farm where we picked cotton was nine kilometers away.
3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
These are the reasons why we do it.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when／on which I joined the army.
Kentucky is the state where／in which Lincoln was born.
The reason why／for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.限制性定语从句在形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如去掉,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。翻译时译成先行词的定语“……的”。
Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
2. 非限制性定语从句在形式上用逗号“，”与主句隔开，是对先行词意义的补充说明，如去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思，通常译成主句的并列句。
Her brother，who is now a soldier，always encourages her to go to college.
All the books，which have pictures in them，are well written.
3. 关系词的使用：1) 关系词作宾语在限制性定语从句中可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。2) 限制性定语从句可用that引导,而非限制性定语从句不用that引导。3)在限制性定从句中可用who代替whom，而在非限制性定语从句中不可用who代替whom。
The book（that／which） I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.
The book，which l bought yesterday，is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.
The engineer (who／whom／that) I met in the office worked very hard.
The engineer，whom I met in the office，worked very hard.
His mother，who loves him very much，is strict with him.
五、特别提示
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
注意：which和as引导非限制性定语从句时，有时并没有特定的先行词，而是代表前面说的整个情况。这时which和as 被看作单数，译作“这一点”，其后的谓语动形式用单数形式。
如： He said he was a Frenchman，which／as was not true.
但须注意，as引导的这种定语从句可置于主句之前，which引导的这种定语从句只置于主句之后。如：As is known to all，China is a socialist country. China is a socialist country, as/which is known to all.
2.介词+关系代词
1)根据动词选择介词。I don’t know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands.（或I don’t know the foreigner whom my teacher shook hands with.）
Note: who和that不能直接位于介词后作宾语；有的短语动词是不能拆开的，常见的这类短语有：look for，look after等。
This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for. (R)
This is the pencil for which Ma Lili is looking. (W)
2)根据先行词选择介词。介词和先行词之间构成习惯搭配，介词一般位于关系代词之前，和从句中的动词不存在逻辑或意义上的关系。
He stood by the window，through which he could see what was happening outside. (the window是介词through的逻辑宾语)
3)介词+关系代词有时可转换为关系副词when，why，where等。
This is the house in which /where Chairman Mao once lived.
Everyone knows the reason for which/why the High Dam was built.
I still remember the day on which/when we visited the temple.
高考链接
He was educated at the local high school, ______he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏)
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
答案与解析：A 从此题语境不难看出两个动作之间具有前后的先后关系，由于后一句为非限制性定语从句，故用after which. 原句相当于He was educated at the local high school. After it he went on to Beijing University.
3.选用定语从句的关系词时，要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分。
The evening that people spent singing and playing music was exciting. (不用when，因为先行词在从句中充当spent的宾语。)
The reason that he told us is unbelievable. (不用why，因为先行词在从句中充当told的宾语。)
The islands of Britain that we visited last year are made up of four parts. (不用where，因为先行词在从句中充当visited的宾语。)
4.被关系词所代替的部分不可在从句中复现。
The factory where he works there is a large one. (应去掉there)
This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday. (应去掉it)
5. 常用that引导定语从句的情况：
1)当先行词中有“人”又有“物”时，关系词用that不用which。
They are talking about the factory，the leaders and the workers that they visited yesterday.
We meet up on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like.
They often talk about the works and the writers that interest them.
The house and its owners that you mentioned just now are what 1 want to know about.
2)先行词本身是all, few，little，much，any，everything，anything，nothing等不定代词时，关系词多用that。
Don’t throw away anything that may be of some use.
3)先行词指“人”或“物”，并被形容词最高级、序数词或all，no ,any，every，little，much, little, the only，the very等修饰时通常用that引导定语从句。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
This is the first step that we should take.
You are the very man that can do the job well.
Mary is the only girl that likes playing football.
Everyone who/that knows him thinks highly of him.
Nobody that/who has been there will ever forget the beauty of the place.
Those who/that want to go raise your hands please.
All that must be done has been done.
I read something in today’s morning paper (that/which) you may be interested in.
Translation
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Reading strategy：skimming and scanning ( p3 )
阅读策略：略读与扫读
我们想得知一篇课文内容的大意时采用略读的方法。通过看题目、大标题、小标题、首句与尾句、首段与末段，图表与插图，我们可以了解课文讲了什么。
当我们想快速找出特定信息时，我们就用扫读的方法找关键词和词组、日期等。我们没有必要逐字阅读整篇课文。 |
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School life in the UK英国中学生生活印象
我在英国上了一年的中学。回想起来，那是一段令我非常开心，非常兴奋的经历。我很喜欢英国中学的作息时间，因为学校每天上午大约9点上课，下午3点半放学。这意味着我每天可以比以往晚一个小时起床，因为在中国学校每天上午8点之前就开始上课了。
开学的第一天，所有的学生要去参加晨会。我当时坐在一个名叫黛安娜的女孩旁。我们很快成了最好的朋友。在晨会上校长向我们宣布了校纪校规。他还告诉我们，赢得全体师生尊敬的最佳途径就是努力学习，得高分。这听起来倒是像我在国内就读的中学。
过去的一年里我有过许多老师，每位老师只教一门功课。海伍德先生是我们的班主任。我最喜欢的老师是教我们英国文学的伯克小姐。我们班上一共有案可查29个学生。英国中学的班级差不多就这么大。我们上不同的课得去不同的教室。上某些课的时候，我们班上的同学也不一样，所以很难记住每个人的长相和名字。
我发现这里布置的家庭作业不象我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可一开始我还是觉得有些挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英语的。让我感到幸运的是，所有的老师都非常热心地帮助我，因此，我也喜欢我所学的每一门功课：英语，历史，英国文学，计算机，数学，科学，体育，艺术，烹调和法语。
我每天都在使用英语，每天还花一个小时在图书馆里阅读英文书籍，因此，我的英语有了很大进步。午饭时间我常去电脑俱乐部，这样我可以免费给国内的家人和朋友发电子邮件了。
我还额外选了一门功课----每个星期二晚上去听法语。当我学会如何买菜，配菜和做菜的时候，我发现烹饪真是一种乐趣。学期末，我们班开了个派对，我们每人都为派对做一份食品。我们班上所有的同学都喜欢我做的蛋糕，这可真让我高兴。
数学，英语和科学是该校的必修课，但是，如果不喜欢某些科目是可以不学的。如历史，法语和艺术。学生可以选修其他的科目。如木工，计算机或者是西班牙语，德语之类的语言课。
在木工课上我做了一张小桌子。尽管完工之后它看上去并不象什么桌子，但我仍然非常喜欢它。
每到吃午饭时我都非常想念中国菜。英国的饮食大不一样，英国人在正餐后要吃很多的甜食。午后我们通常去学校操场上玩耍。有时我和男生在一起踢足球，有时我干脆在树下休息休息或是在草地上坐一坐。
我很幸运能体会到这样一种不同的生活方式，我真希望有朝一日能够重返曼彻斯特，在那里读书学习。 |
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Translation For Project
我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生自己为学校创办的。我很幸运成为其中一名主持人。
广播俱乐部是两年前创办的，起因是学校不准使用CD播放机。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我就成了广播俱乐部的元老。
我们的广播俱乐部不只是播放音乐。每天早上向学生播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有一些老师要我们播出的特别告示。
到了考试的时候我们会做一档特别的节目，告诉学生复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的同学就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下临别致辞。
每逢学生家长来访，与老师交谈的晚上，我们总是播放学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知，告诉学生家长有关诸如远足，校内戏剧表演之类的活动。
我很快就要毕业了。我会思念广播俱乐部的。但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。
（凯特?琼斯） |
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我们的校内俱乐部“下一代诗人”是由我们的英语老师欧文先生发起的。每个月的最后一个星期五我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。聚会的时候，大家首先挑选出喜爱的诗歌，然后分组朗诵这些诗歌。我们还举行小组会议，在会议上听大家讨论诗歌。
我第一次参加聚会的时候，被要求写一首诗，还得当着小组成员的面进行朗诵。起初那阵势让人觉得有些恐慌，但所有的成员都是那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。有一次，我在学校花园里朗诵了一首表现大自然的诗歌。朗诵前，我选择了一棵老树，安排大家环坐在老树周围。小组成员们都说那是他们所听过的最好的诗歌之一。 （鲍勃·肖）
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